# SoftBank Robotics documentation What's new in NAOqi 2.8?

# ALLandMarkDetection

NAOqi Vision - Overview | API | Tutorials

## What it does

ALLandMarkDetection is a vision module, in which the robot recognizes special landmarks with specific patterns on them. We call those landmarks Naomarks.

For more samples, download this file: `NAOmark.pdf`

You can use the ALLandMarkDetection module for various applications. For example, you can place those landmarks at different locations in the robot’s field of action. Depending on which landmark the robot detects, you can get some information on the robot’s location. Coupled with other sensor information, it can help you build a more robust localization module.

## How it works

### Naomarks

Naomarks consist of black circles with white triangle fans centered at the circle’s center. The specific location of the different triangle fans is used to distinguish one Naomark from the others.

## Performance and Limitations

- Lighting: the landmark detection has been tested under office lighting conditions - i.e., under 100 to 500 lux. As the detection itself relies on contrast differences, it should actually behave well as long as the marks in your input images are reasonably well contrasted. If you feel that the detection is not running well, make sure the camera auto gain is activated - via the Monitor interface - or try to adjust manually the camera contrast.

- Size range for the detected Marks:

  Minimum: ~0.035 rad = 2 deg. It corresponds to ~14 pixels in a QVGA image

  Maximum: ~0.40 rad = 23 deg. It corresponds to ~160 pixels in a QVGA image

- Tilt: The detection works better when the robot faces the mark. Over +/- 45 deg, the detected Mark ID may be incorrect, or the mark may not be detected at all.

- Rotation in image plane: invariant.

## Getting started

### Printing Naomarks

You can find Naomarks in this file: `NAOmark.pdf`.

### Viewing detection results with Monitor

To get a feel of what the ALLandMarkDetection can do, you can use Monitor and launch the vision plugin. Activate the LandMarkDetection checkbox and start the camera acquisition. Then, if you place a Naomark somewhere in the camera’s field of vision, Monitor should report the detected Naomarks by circling them on the video output pane. In addition, the Naomark identifier is displayed next to the circle and should correspond to real Naomark’s identifier.

### Starting the detection

To start the Naomark detection function, use a ALLandMarkDetection proxy to subscribe to ALLandMarkDetection. In Python, the code for this subscription is:

    from naoqi import ALProxy
    IP = "your_robot_ip"
    PORT = 9559
    # Create a proxy to ALLandMarkDetection
    markProxy = ALproxy("ALLandMarkDetection", IP, PORT)
    # Subscribe to the ALLandMarkDetection extractor
    period = 500
    markProxy.subscribe("Test_Mark", period, 0.0 )

The period parameter specifies - in milliseconds - how often ALLandMarkDetection tries to run its detection method and outputs the result in an ALMemory output variable called LandmarkDetected.

Once at least one subscription to the ALLandMarkDetection module is made, ALLandMarkDetection starts to run.

### Getting the results

The ALLandMarkDetection module writes its results in a variable in ALMemory (LandmarkDetected).

As you surely want to use the detection results directly in your code, you can check the ALMemory’s variable on a regular basis. To do this, just create a proxy to ALMemory, and retrieve the landmark variable using getData(“LandmarkDetected”) from the ALMemory proxy.

    from naoqi import ALProxy
    IP = "your_robot_ip"
    PORT = 9559
    # Create a proxy to ALMemory.
    memProxy = ALProxy("ALMemory", IP, PORT)
    # Get data from landmark detection (assuming landmark detection has been activated).
    data = memProxy.getData("LandmarkDetected")

### How the result variable is organized

- If no Naomarks are detected, the variable is empty. More precisely, it is an array with zero element, (i.e., printed as [ ] in python).

- If N Naomarks are detected, then the variable structure consists of two fields:

  [ [ TimeStampField ] [ Mark_info_0 , Mark_info_1, . . . , Mark_info_N-1 ] ] with:

  - TimeStampField = [ TimeStamp_seconds, Timestamp_microseconds ]. This field is the time stamp of the image that was used to perform the detection.
  - Mark_info = [ ShapeInfo, ExtraInfo ]. For each detected mark, we have one Mark_info field.
    - ShapeInfo = [ 1, alpha, beta, sizeX, sizeY, heading]. alpha and beta represent the Naomark’s location in terms of camera angles - sizeX and sizeY are the mark’s size in camera angles - the heading angle describes how the Naomark is oriented about the vertical axis with regards to the robot’s head.
    - ExtraInfo = [ MarkID ] . Mark ID is the number written on the Naomark and which corresponds to its pattern.

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